《植物生理学报》 2018, 54(5): 790-802

外源赤霉素和多效唑对芍药冬季鳞芽发育的影响

吕梦雯¹, 徐金光², 杜杰¹, 杲承荣³, 卢洁³, 张青侠¹, 王桐霖¹, 孙霞^1,*

¹山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室, 山东泰安271018; ²山东省林业科学研究院, 济南250014; ³山东省林木种苗和花卉站, 济南250014

通信作者：孙霞；E-mail: sunxia65@sina.com

摘　要：

以目前芍药(Paeonia lactiflora)主栽品种‘紫凤羽’为供试材料, 在冬季用300 mg·L^-1赤霉素(GA₃)及其延缓剂多效唑(PP₃₃₃)进行灌根处理, 待对照组进入蕾期对PP₃₃₃处理组施以300 mg·L^-1 GA₃作解除处理, 每隔10 d对各处理组鳞芽取样, 测定其超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、内源玉米素(ZT)、赤霉素(GA₃)、脱落酸(ABA)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)、乙烯(ETH)、多胺等的含量, 采用石蜡切片对鳞芽发育状态进行观察, 对各处理组鳞芽出土日期、出芽率、成花率、花期及株高进行观察统计。结果表明: 外源GA₃会加快抗氧化酶活性变化速度, 降低MDA含量, 提高可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白的积累及利用, 促进亚精胺(Spd)积累, 在鳞芽发育初期提高了内源GA₃及ZT含量, 在后期降低了其含量, 内源IAA、ABA、ETH的含量也呈降低趋势, 缩短了花瓣原基(petal primordium)分化期, 促进了鳞芽发育进程, 而PP₃₃₃与之相反, 延长了花瓣原基分化期, 抑制鳞芽发育; 试验数据显示高浓度GA₃、ZT利于鳞芽发育启动, 低浓度GA₃、ZT、IAA、ABA、ETH利于启动后的发育进程, 且内源多胺调控芍药鳞芽发育时, 其中Spd起主导作用。本文旨在为芍药花期调控提供参考依据, 以期根据市场需求制定芍药花期的综合调控方案。

关键词：芍药; 鳞芽; 激素; 多胺; 抗氧化酶

收稿：2017-12-26   修定：2018-03-20

资助：国家自然科学基金(31670663)和山东省农业良种工程林木良种选育项目子课题(2130106)。

Effects of exogenous gibberellin A3 and paclobutrazol on development of herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora) bulbils

LÜ Meng-Wen¹, XU Jin-Guang², DU Jie¹, GAO Cheng-Rong³, LU Jie³, ZHANG Qing-Xia¹, WANG Tong-Lin¹, SUN Xia^1,*

¹College of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Taian, Shandong 271018, China; ²Shandong Academy of Forestry, Jinan 250014, China; ³Forestry Seedlings and Flower Department, Forestry Bureau of Shandong, Jinan 250014, China

Corresponding author: SUN Xia; E-mail: sunxia65@sina.com

Abstract:

In this study, herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora) cultivar ‘Zifengyu’ was sprayed with exogenous gibberellin A3 (GA₃) and GA₃ biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol (PP₃₃₃), and then GA₃ was sprayed to the PP333 treatment group to remove the role of PP₃₃₃ while the control group was in bud stage. The bulbils of each treatment were selected every 10 days to investigate dynamic changes of endogenous hormones and polyamines, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), and contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble protein and soluble sugar. The development state of bulbils was observed with paraffin section in winter. Then the unearthed date, budding rate, early flowering period and flowering rate of the peonies in each treatment were recorded. We can draw the conclusion that: exogenous GA₃ accelerated the changing speed of antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced MDA content, enhanced accumulation and utilization of soluble sugar and soluble protein, and promoted accumulation of spermidine (Spd), raised contents of GA₃ and zeatin (ZT) in early development of bulbils and then declined later. Meanwhile exogenous GA3 reduced contents of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene (ETH), and shorten the periods of petals primitive differentiation, thus promoted the development of bulbils. However, the role of PP₃₃₃ was in contrast. Polyamine regulated the development of bulbils, while Spd plays a leading role in this process. High concentrations of GA₃ and ZT were conducive to the development startup of bulbils, whereas low concentrations of GA₃, ZT, IAA, ABA and ETH were conducive to the process after the development startup. This study aims to provide relevant basis for herbaceous peony flowering regulation, and make the comprehensive regulating plan of the flowering date of herbaceous peony according to market demands.

Key words: herbaceous peony; bulbils; hormone; polyamine; antioxidant enzyme